399 research outputs found
Exploring the Encoding Layer and Loss Function in End-to-End Speaker and Language Recognition System
In this paper, we explore the encoding/pooling layer and loss function in the
end-to-end speaker and language recognition system. First, a unified and
interpretable end-to-end system for both speaker and language recognition is
developed. It accepts variable-length input and produces an utterance level
result. In the end-to-end system, the encoding layer plays a role in
aggregating the variable-length input sequence into an utterance level
representation. Besides the basic temporal average pooling, we introduce a
self-attentive pooling layer and a learnable dictionary encoding layer to get
the utterance level representation. In terms of loss function for open-set
speaker verification, to get more discriminative speaker embedding, center loss
and angular softmax loss is introduced in the end-to-end system. Experimental
results on Voxceleb and NIST LRE 07 datasets show that the performance of
end-to-end learning system could be significantly improved by the proposed
encoding layer and loss function.Comment: Accepted for Speaker Odyssey 201
Beyond Newtonian Mechanics: An Exploration of Active Force in Complex Swing Motions
Life mechanics, an emerging field, focuses on the self-organizing forces and
motions within living systems. This study introduces the novel concept of
active force, generated by mind-body interactions, as an essential element in
understanding self-organizing movements. We propose a new set of control
equations to model the self-pumping swing motion by incorporating the active
force into Newton's second law. With this new mechanical framework, we analyzed
the child's complex swing motions with rapid standing and squatting movements.
The results reveal a pulse-like pattern of the active force along the swing
length, driving changes in the radial speed and swing length. This active force
counteracts the resistance and propels the swing, which is not attainable by
the stone. Thus, active force underlies self-organization in living systems,
warranting further exploration of its mechanics in life movements.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure
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